Participation Of Civil Society Organizations Research Articles

Participation of Civil Society Organizations in the Public Policy of National Memory in Ukraine

The article focuses on studying civil society organisations' participation in the decision-making and implementation by public authorities. The aim of the article is to analyse the involvement of civil society in Ukraine (using civil society organisations as an example) in public policy regarding national memory in Ukraine. The article employs a combination of descriptive methods with analysis and synthesis methods, inductive and deductive methods, and the dialectical method contributes to the comprehensive study of the activities of civil society organisations. Comparative and structural-functional analysis methods were used to study the activities and functioning of civil society organisations. As a result of the research, the main vectors of public policy regarding national memory in Ukraine were identified; the regulatory framework of Ukraine regulating the activities of civil society organisations and their participation in political processes was analysed; an overview of the instruments of civil participation in the public policy regarding national memory was conducted; using the example of the “Reanimation Package of Reforms” Coalition, the activities of civil society organisations in the field of national memory through partnerships and networking were characterised. It was found that the state implements a policy to promote the development of civil society in Ukraine aimed at supporting civic initiatives. To implement this, Ukraine has formed a regulatory framework constantly updated by socio-political challenges and needs. The country implements the National Strategy for the Development of Civil Society, adopts international norms and standards, and fulfils international obligations. 

Speaking the Right Language: Transnational Rule and Symbolic Power in Dialogue Forums

ABSTRACT This article argues that the opening up of international organisations (IOs) to the participation of civil society organisations (CSOs) has not only failed to dismantle structures of rule. Rather, it should be understood as a perpetuation of rule, re-enacted in and through the everyday practices of IO-CSO interactions in dialogue forums. To make this argument, I build on Bourdieu's notion of symbolic power to conceptualise rule as a hierarchical relationship of mutual recognition, characterised by compliance and actualised through (discursive) practices. In dialogue forums, rule is enacted through the ability of dominant actors to impose meanings (classifications, categories, normative standards) as legitimate. By analysing the Civil Society Policy Forum, I show how the institutions have managed the criticism emanating from CSOs through discursive assimilation, i.e. by both opening up space for dialogue and delimiting the boundaries of political discourse, leading CSOs to accept the conditions for reproducing the institutional discourse.

Breaking Barriers: A Policy Brief on Advancing Gender Equality for Economic Resilience in Afghanistan

The current political uncertainty casts doubt and critical issues of gender inequality in Afghanistan has a harmful impact on the economic resilience of the country. With limited national economic data and limited access to education, employment, and financial resources, it is difficult to provide full-scale policy practices in the new economic resilience. Despite a significant drop in per capita income, half of the country's 40 million population, girls and women, have been deprived of basic rights and freedom. Following the takeover Aug 2021, the economy contracted by 20.7 percent, with another 3.6 percent contraction followed in 2022. Afghanistan has become one of the poorest countries in the world, with a population growth of around 2% and a peak decline in the economy due to strict gender-based employment policies (UNDP, 2023), (UNDP, 2016). With the return of the DFA government women rights participation in work force and education dramatically regressed(HRW, 2022), (BBC, 2021) . These brief findings suggest that how equal gender participation will be effective and can build more resilient and inclusive economy for sustainable future. This policy brief emphasizes the critical components of success, such as political will, active participation of civil society organizations, adequate funding, and international support. Furthermore, the brief advocates for entrepreneurship to ensure equal gender representation in economic growth. Recognizing the urgent need for transformative change, this comprehensive approach focuses on SDG goal 5 gender equality, understanding that economic growth cannot be achieved if half of the population is unable to work. This roadmap leads to women's empowerment in the socioeconomic landscape(COD, 2022),(UNDP, 2019). By providing an overview, this brief fully supports the initiatives of women's participation in public and private spheres. In summary, this policy brief envisions a future in which women's empowerment serves as a catalyst for transformative change, providing Afghanistan with a sustainable and inclusive path forward.

Involving Youth in the Development of Civil Society in Ukraine by Applying Mechanisms of Information Communication and Control in Times of War

The author of the study developed a structural-functional model of the development of civil society in Ukraine, taking into account the directions of active participation of young people in the modern political process and public life. This structural-functional model provides for establishing complex relations between youth as an active part of Ukrainian society and state and local self-government bodies in order to ensure an effective state-building process, stimulate volunteerism and participation of civil society organizations in socio-economic development and ensure the national security of Ukraine in conditions of European integration and the Russian-Ukrainian war. The elements of the proposed system - the structural-functional model, are information communication, political, legal, organizational control mechanisms as well as mechanism of managing the development of education and science. The author concludes that the activation of civil society in Ukraine and the strengthening of its role and importance in social and political life in 2014-2015, as well as in 2022 after the full-scale invasion of Russia in Ukraine is a decisive positive factor in improving the information communication, and control mechanisms of civil society development.

The Trajectories That Remain to Be Told: Civic Participation, Immigrant Organizations, and Women’s Leadership in Portugal

This study focuses on migrant women and their civic participation in civil society organizations and/or immigrant associations. Despite women’s migration having a long global history and being of academic interest, extensive knowledge of this situation has increased substantially in recent decades; research on the civic participation of immigrant women in Portugal is still incipient. The structural conditions affecting these women’s mobility processes remain overlooked, concealing their vulnerabilities. Additionally, success stories of migrant women, which could serve as inspirations for others, are often invisible. This exploratory research examines the role of female immigrant leaders and the demands they face in facilitating immigrants’ integration into Portuguese society. Eight qualitative interviews were conducted with diverse immigrant organizations in Portugal, advocating for immigrant rights and promoting integration through various strategies. The results reveal that migrant women’s experiences and participation in leadership roles are shaped not only by their migrant background and their qualifications but also by the difficulties they encountered upon arrival in Portugal. These leaders tend to focus on constraints, particularly regarding the organization’s sustainability, rather than emphasizing opportunities for civic participation. Nevertheless, this study also reveals that participation in IOs leads to increased autonomy and a heightened sense of empowerment for these women. It grants them a voice, visibility, and recognition both in the host society and their own communities. Overall, the study sheds light on the significance of recognizing immigrant women’s contributions and challenges, as well as the crucial role played by immigrant organizations in promoting integration and advocating for immigrants’ rights in Portugal. It also emphasizes the need for the government to financially support these organizations.

SOCIOECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY AND THE SOLIDARITY ECONOMY FORMATION UNDER THE WAR CONDITIONS IN UKRAINE

A full-scale russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 changed socioeconomic sustainability (SES) and boosted the solidarity economy (SE) formation in the country under the ongoing war. In the context of this study, the SES issue is associated with the importance and necessity of understanding the real needs of communities and developing programs to ensure their satisfaction and the need to establish social ties within each community and increase mutual support and solidarity. The research evaluates SES and its factors of influence on the civil population during the war. The paper relies on online focus group interviews conducted from May to June 2022 in the Sumy region, Ukraine. 1,292 randomly selected respondents were interviewed, of which 65.6% were women, and 34.4% were men who were not involved in military service. The survey results were processed by specialists of the Center for Social Research of Sumy State University using the "ОСА" program. The strong point is that 60.7% of respondents confirmed increased social activity in response to the war. The war in Ukraine harmed the employment and incomes of the population in the Sumy region, deepened the financial instability of people, and increased the risk of falling into a vulnerable situation. The policy implications of the study require strengthening the solidarity ties inside the society to promote the socio-economic sustainability of people during the war. Based on these results, the recommendations of the study include measures of investing in social protection programs, supporting the development of local economies and new job creation initiatives, encouraging the participation of civil society organizations and community groups in peacebuilding and conflict resolution efforts, as well as restoration of the social and economic infrastructure of the region.

Medical waste management in Al-Kut City

This research investigates solid waste management in Al-Kut City. It included the collection of medical and general solid waste generated in five hospitals different in their specialization and capacity through one week, starting from 03/02/2012. Samples were  collected and analyzed periodically to find their generation rate, composition, and physical properties. Analysis results indicated that generation rate ranged between (1102 – 212) kg / bed / day, moisture content and density were (19.0 % - 197 kg/ m3) respectively for medical waste and (41%-255 kg/ m3) respectively for general waste. Theoretically, medical solid waste generated in Al-Kut City (like any other city), affected by capacity, number of patients in a day, and hospital specialty The research exposed the incorrect ways used in collecting, storing, waste transport, and inefficient incinerators processing .Laboratory test for six ash collected samples indicated high concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr) , having the rang of (51.0 – 62.0) mg / l of lead, (3.0 – 8.5) mg / l for cadmium, and (43.0 -69.0) mg / l for chrome. In comparison with the US Environmental Protection Agency standards, these samples are higher than the recommended levels that may threat groundwater. A comprehensive and integrated solution there must be to manage medical waste, with the participation of all parties concerned, especially, the Ministry of Health, environment authorities concerned, and the participation of civil society organizations. A color-code trash bags and containers are recommended by the World Health Organization and the Environmental Protection Agency to be used in hospitals that propose red bags for collecting medical waste while black bags for general waste provided that they are resistant to tearing seeping and should be provided in sufficient numbers.

Institutional framework for the participation of civil society organizations in sustainable development

La promoción para el cumplimiento del desarrollo sustentable a nivel global fue impulsada por el principal organismo interestatal durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX, si bien anteriormente habían sido observados algunos intentos de institucionalidad estos no generaron un impacto trascendental. Durante la década de los años setenta los primeros esfuerzos estuvieron coordinados entre programas interestatales y Estados soberanos y no es sino hasta el fin de la Guerra Fría que el cambio en el panorama internacional y el nuevo paradigma global permitió a otros actores no estatales como las Organizaciones de la Sociedad Civil el involucramiento para cumplir las metas y objetivos dispuestos para alcanzar el desarrollo sustentable. Sin embargo, la participación de la sociedad civil depende de la voluntad de los gobiernos, la cual puede ser volátil y está condicionada al cambio de los escenarios políticos locales, por lo cual es imprescindible la formalidad de mecanismos institucionales que reconozcan de manera permanente la participación de la sociedad civil organizada para incidir en las políticas locales y globales del desarrollo.

The geopolitics of digital rights activism: Evaluating civil society's role in the promises of multistakeholder internet governance

Multistakeholderism is thought to play an important role in democratizing internet governance institutions and processes by including civil society. Therefore, scholars have studied the participation of civil society organizations, from the first phase of the World Summit on the Information Society through to the most recent Internet Governance Forum, to understand how they engage in and shape internet governance. However, this category is not well defined; therefore, it is not always clear whose interests are being advanced by civil society organizations. This study evaluates representation in civil society by examining the annual RightsCon conference as an ideal site of civil society engagement in internet governance in order to evaluate the potential of multistakeholderism to achieve the goals of democratization, representation, and inclusion. Through a meso-level analysis of discursive production at RightsCon that operationalizes a critical geopolitical rubric, this study finds that organizations that represent interests from the Global North and West are highly over-represented in three ways: in leading overall discourse, in claiming authority over global issues, and in driving specific topics such as misinformation, privacy, and internet shutdowns. These findings offer an empirical evaluation of global representation in internet governance, raising the stakes for further study about why and how the category of civil society meets expectations. Finally, conceptual implications are discussed, including evaluating earlier critiques of multistakeholderism as less democratizing in reality than in theory, affirming the analytic value of civil society discourse to policy research, and opening up questions about how a more precise understanding of civil society can contribute to multistakeholderism in internet governance.

The Impacts of Gender-Related Factors on the Adoption of Anti-Human Trafficking Laws in Sub-Saharan African Countries

Human trafficking is an imminent problem not limited to certain regions of the globe. Although the problem of human trafficking is severe over the world, Sub-Saharan African countries are some of the most vulnerable to human trafficking. Despite the severity of human trafficking in Sub-Saharan Africa, only 23 countries, less than half of Sub-Saharan African countries, have introduced domestic statutory laws addressing human trafficking. Why do some African countries adopt laws for combating human trafficking, while others do not? Focusing on the role of gender-related factors in the introduction of laws addressing human trafficking, this article aims to fill this academic lacuna by conducting time-series cross-national analysis on 49 African countries from 1960 to 2016. The empirical results from this study demonstrate that increases in the percentage of women in legislative branches and in women’s participation in civil society organizations lead countries to introduce anti-human trafficking laws.

Corruption and Public Value in Malaysia

Purpose: This paper explores the interrelated relationship between corruption and public value in Malaysia. It examines the government s creation of public value and why these values become meaningless in the face of systemic corruption pervading the country. This review aims to identify the areas of concern that had nurtured the practice of corruption in Malaysia s public sector and how these areas of concern can be strengthened to rebuild the citizen or rakyat s trust in the integrity of the public sector. Method: Over several decades, the Malaysian governments have launched important initiatives to counter corruption. This paper focuses on only two government initiatives as a reference. The first initiative refers to the three different approaches undertaken by the Mahathir government in the early 1980s. These included- the Clean, Efficient and Trustworthy initiative (1981), which had Leadership by Example (1983) as a central theme. These initiatives were followed by the campaign for the Inculcation of Islamic Values Policy (1985). The second initiative refers to the National Anti-Corruption Plan launched by the Pakatan Harapan (PH) government in 2019, under the Mahathir 2.0 government. The present Perikatan Nasional (PN) government has also adopted this plan. Using the examples of these two Malaysian governments anti-corruption initiatives, this paper examines the values espoused by the government, almost four decades apart, to instill integrity in the public sector. Results: High corruption in the public sector has led to a serious public trust deficit, threatening the country s economic development and social cohesion. Public integrity remains evasive when the interests of a few override those of the larger population. With rampant corruption, the delivery and quality of public services to the citizens become problematic. Conclusion: This paper recommends the way forward in rebuilding trust and public value in Malaysia. Institutional reforms, empowering the public, and encouraging the participation of civil society organizations are some of the measures proposed to overcome the scourge of corruption in Malaysia.

Mind the Compliance Gap: How Insights from International Human Rights Mechanisms Can Help to Implement the Convention on Biological Diversity

AbstractHumanity is at a crossroads in addressing biodiversity loss. Several assessments have reported on the weak compliance with the Aichi Biodiversity Targets by the parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). To address this lack of compliance, the challenges in implementing and enforcing CBD obligations must be understood. Key implementation challenges of the CBD are identified through a content analysis of policy documents, multi-stakeholder interviews, and participant observation at the recent CBD Conference of the Parties. Building on this analysis, the article explores the extent to which the review mechanisms of international human rights law, with their various strategies for eliciting compliance, can help to improve CBD mechanisms. The findings of this article reveal insights that the CBD can draw from international human rights law to address these compliance challenges, such as facilitating the participation of civil society organizations to provide specific input, and engaging independent biodiversity experts to assess implementation. The article concludes that insights from human rights review mechanisms are useful for improving the emerging peer review mechanism of the CBD, which is important for strengthening accountability within the post-2020 global biodiversity framework.

Legal Protection of Women from Domestic Violence

This research is focused on legal ways of elimination of domestic violence against women; Ways which are practical and applicable in the legal system of Iran without conflicting with cultural and social circumstances. It takes place in the family privacy and perpetrator is a family member which is in intimate relationship with victim. Therefore most of anti-crime monitoring bodies (such as police), sanctions (such as imprisonment and diya), and traditional legal evidence (such as witness and document) became useless and inapplicable. Methodology of present study is descriptive-analytical; in this way foreign Acts are described by substantive classification. This approach emphasizes on the Acts of the Islamic countries. By the comparative study gaps of the legal system of Iran are analogized and solutions to fill them are suggested. Results prove that domestic violence against women is a matter of public sphere and fighting against it requires political intention and legal creativity. There are many ways to support women in domestic violence cases, such as allocation enough budget, participation of civil society organizations, recognition and criminalization all kind of domestic violence, immediate reaction to reports, ratification supportive creative orders, compensation all damages to the women and put the burden of proof on the accused.

Civil Society Organizations and electoral credibility in Nigeria

ABSTRACT Electoral malpractices undermine the legitimacy of the electoral process, the general acceptability of electoral outcomes, and challenges the democratization process in Nigeria. This study examines the role of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in the electoral process and its impact on the credibility of electoral outcomes in Nigeria, with emphasis on the 2019 general election. With evidence collected from documentary sources, we argue that the role of CSOs in the democratization process (before, during, and after elections) is important in advancing democracy in Nigeria. We found that the participation of CSOs in the electoral process of 2019, as significant as it was, was undermined by the paucity of fund, insecurity, administrative bottlenecks, and limited access for monitoring movement of sensitive election materials. We recommend, among other things, that the government set aside support funds for qualified/accredited Civil Society Organisations in the electoral process to aid them in undertaking their important role in the democratization process.

Participation in civil society organizations and ethnic minorities' interethnic friendships in Britain.

In Britain, civil society organizations (CSOs) have garnered much praise for promoting interethnic friendships (IEF) and strengthening community cohesion. Yet, there is very little empirical evidence to suggest that participation in CSOs promotes ethnic minorities' IEF. Using nationally representative longitudinal (2011-2019) and cross-sectional (2010) data, this article explores the association between participation in CSOs and IEF formation among five British ethnic minority groups and analyses how this relationship is affected by the ethnic composition of CSOs. Overall, fixed effects models show that participation in CSOs only significantly promotes IEF for Indians. For other minority groups it has either no effect or, in the case of Pakistanis, significantly decreases IEF. Further analyses show that compared with ethnic minorities that do not participate in any CSOs, those who participate in mostly interethnic CSOs tend to have significantly more IEF, whereas those who participate in mostly co-ethnic CSOs tend to have significantly less IEF. Taken together, these findings suggest that the association between civic participation and ethnic minorities' IEF is much more nuanced than previously thought and policy interventions seeking to improve ethnic integration should, therefore, take the ethnic background of participants and the ethnic composition of CSOs into account.

The political economy of sugar-sweetened beverage taxation in Latin America: lessons from Mexico, Chile and Colombia

BackgroundIn Latin America, total sales of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) continue to rise at an alarming rate. Consumption of added sugar is a leading cause of diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Coalitions of stakeholders have formed in several countries in the region to address this public health challenge including participation of civil society organizations and transnational corporations. Little is currently known about these coalitions – what interests they represent, what goals they pursue and how they operate. Ensuring the primacy of public health goals is a particular governance challenge. This paper comparatively analyses governance challenges involved in the adoption of taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages in Mexico, Chile and Colombia. The three countries have similar political and economic systems, institutional arrangements and regulatory instruments but differing policy outcomes.MethodsWe analysed the political economy of SSB taxation based on a qualitative synthesis of existing empirical evidence. We identify the key stakeholders involved in the policy process, identified their interests, and assess how they influenced adoption and implementation of the tax.ResultsCoalitions for and against the SSB taxation formed the basis of policy debates in all three countries. Intergovernmental support was critical to framing the SSB tax aims, benefits and implementation; and for countries to adopt it. A major constraint to implementation was the strong influence of transnational corporations (TNCs) in the policy process. A lack of transparency during agenda setting was notably enhanced by the powerful presence of TNCs.ConclusionNCDs prevention policies need to be supported across government, alongside grassroots organizations, policy champions and civil society groups to enhance their success. However, governance arrangements involving coalitions between public and private sector actors need to recognize power asymmetries among different actors and mitigate their potentially negative consequences. Such arrangements should include clear mechanisms to ensure transparency and accountability of all partners, and prevent undue influence by industry interests associated with unhealthy products.

Obstacles to effective participation of civil society organizations in Nigerian extractive industry transparency initiative

ABSTRACT The extractive industry is essential to the economic development of Nigeria. Accordingly, section 6 of Nigerian Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative Act 2007provides for a stakeholders forum called National Stakeholders Working Group of which Civil Society Organizations are involved. But the participation of civil society organizations in this forum has not been effective. Using doctrinal approach, the paper analyses the roles of civil society organizations as stakeholder representative in Nigerian Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative. It seeks to identify the obstacles hindering their effective participation. The paper finds that problems ranging from lack of cooperation among the civil society organizations, politicization of their appointments by the President into the forum and other issues act as hindrances to their effective participation in the National Stakeholders Working Group. It is suggested that section 6 of Nigerian Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative Act be amended to give civil society organization the freedom to appoint a representative into the forum while they are encouraged to develop a better synergy amongst them.

Closing the policy-practice gaps in Nigeria’s desertification interventions: a qualitative document analysis of sustainable practice

ABSTRACT In Nigeria’s frontline states, the southward dryland degradation continues due to the failure of interventions to address the human and natural causes. This study provides a theory-driven evaluation to ascertain the causes of desertification intervention’s poor performance. It provides a conceptual model for scaling up interventions towards achieving the 2030 target 15:3 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Guided by intervention theory, relevant policy documents on desertification control were analyzed via Qualitative Document Analysis and triangulated by a semi-structured interview, and secondary data with the aid of ATLAS.ti 8. Findings revealed that a weak integration of Sustainable Practice across the policy cycle is responsible for notable gaps in the areas of an absence of participation of Civil Society Organizations and the use of Indigenous Knowledge, non-involvement of local government, and poor community ownership. Others include monitoring lapses, and the non-inclusion of the Land Degradation Neutrality concept – leading to failure in the Sustainability of Policy Instrument. A pragmatic approach integrating multi-stakeholder participation, the establishment of grass-root structure, and situation awareness should be incorporated across the policy cycle. The need for the development of Key Performance Indicators for tracking the progress of the Pan-African Great Green Wall initiative is also required.

Assessing Global Governance in the Area of Human Trafficking Through Civil Society Participation in its Regime Complex

Human trafficking (HT) is a major international problem that states still struggle to tackle. Against this backdrop, this working paper aims at analysing the architecture of HT global governance and at suggesting ways for improvement. It, among others, gives recommendations for actors such as the European Union, which is very active in HT governance. In order to do so, the working paper focuses on the participation of civil society organisations in HT global governance, seeing them as important drivers of governance at the global level. After presenting the phenomenon of HT and its governance puzzle, a first section characterises such governance, identifying and describing the HT regime complex by using civil society participation as a proxy. A second section analyses the main actors of the regime complex. The conclusion draws recommendations and identifies paths for further research.

STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ISMAILIA GOVERNORATE USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES

The Idea of Development Of Ismailia Governorate considered being one of the most important developmental initiations of the Country seeking to the re-formant structure of the Egyptian inhabited areas to reduce population concentration in the Valley and Delta threatening critically the green agricultural areas in addition to increasing the Environmental Load creating, in turn, lots of health, economic, and social problems. The demand for preserving the environment and its features emerges as an economic problem, In terms of studying Strategic Environmental Assessment through which the natural resources and their appropriate uses are defined besides the positive/negative impacts of the proposed project, Remote sensing technique and the GIS and satellite images are used for defining the negative and positive impact of the project and establishing cities and urban extensions. The problem, as explained by the strategic environmental assessment results is crystallized in the importance of the huge development projects in pushing the economy wheel and achieve optimal utilization of natural resources that contribute to the restructuring of the Egyptian inhabited area, even if these targeted projects are accompanied by some environmental impacts, that the study focuses on to clarify them to contribute proposing a researching initiative and reaching applicable solutions, that could be stated in the following axes. The main objective: It is stated in the strategic environmental assessment through the administration of the environmental objectives matrix and balancing between alternatives. Also, the total environmental systems have been submitted as alternatives for sustainable development. The Study relies on the standard method by proposing a comprehensive model that considers the environmental dimensions of the understudied area to reach the best economic development sites. The study also uses the experimental method with semi-experimental procedures and reference to previous Arab and foreign reports, research, references and studies. Digital Transformation processes are used in this study, to obtain digital data of the different geographical features in the study area; added to that, modeling of environmental standards and determinants, which are implemented through the use of several programs using the remote sensing techniques (Erdas Imagine - Envi). Moreover, Geographic information systems (Arc GIS Desktop) program has been used in addition to multiple satellite visuals for monitoring the environmental change rate in the land cover and the digital elevations model (DEM) to build and activate digital models to choose the best development sites according to environmental standards and determinants. The current study has come out with many results, some of which go following the results of previous studies, including the results of the current study that has already been reached. These results have been included as a Geospatial database for applying the FAO methodology in classifying lands suitability for targeted development; presenting as well, a proposed appropriate development plan, while preserving at the same time the existing economic activities and the optimal utilization of available (natural/human) resources in the surrounding environment.   The study recommends the necessity of exploiting the distinguished geographical location of Ismailia Governorate through the proposed sustainable development plane, in attempt to support decision-making in linking Sinai and the West of the Suez Canal through targeted development projects through: Optimal use of the available economic resources in Ismailia Governorate depending on the comparative advantage of the existing economic activities such as agricultural reclamation / coastal tourism / fish farming / fishing activities). Announcing that (Al-Timsah Lake) is a Natural Reserve for its environmental unique characteristics that contribute to preserving biological diversity, wild and marine life, with a 200 m. a taboo area set for the lake. Establishing and activating integrated coastal zone management committees to coordinate between research, executive and non-governmental authorities and with participation of civil society organizations (NGO). Utilization of the suitable lands for urban development at a rate of up to 55% of the total area of the proposed development plan as an important developmental activity for what these lands possess of components compatible with the target development. Attracting the developmental projects to the appropriate areas and developing the infrastructure to encourage internal migration to the expected targeted (urban/industrial) developmental areas.